Compare Burkina Faso (2002) - Serbia and Montenegro (2002)

Compare Burkina Faso (2002) z Serbia and Montenegro (2002)

	Burkina Faso (2002)	Serbia and Montenegro (2002)

Administrative divisions	30 provinces; Bam, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houe, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komoe, Kossi, Kouritenga, Mouhoun, Namentenga, Naouri, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Yatenga, Zoundweogo note: a new electoral code was approved by the National Assembly in January 1997; the number of administrative provinces was increased from 30 to 45 (Bale, Bam, Banwa, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Comoe, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Ioba, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komandjari, Kompienga, Kossi, Koupelogo, Kouritenga, Kourweogo, Leraba, Loroum, Mouhoun, Nahouri, Namentenga, Nayala, Naumbiel, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Samentenga, Sanguie, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Tuy, Yagha, Yatenga, Ziro, Zondomo, Zoundweogo), however, this change has not yet been confirmed by the US Board on Geographic Names	2 republics (republike, singular - republika); and 2 nominally autonomous provinces* (autonomn pokrajine, singular - autonomna pokrajina); Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina
Age structure	0-14 years: 47.3% (male 3,007,675; female 2,960,697) 15-64 years: 49.8% (male 3,000,411; female 3,271,594) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 151,976; female 210,832) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 19.6% (male 1,077,581; female 1,005,379) 15-64 years: 65.3% (male 3,415,929; female 3,546,410) 65 years and over: 15.1% (male 690,014; female 921,616) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock	cereals, fruits, vegetables, tobacco, olives; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports	33 (2001)	46 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 19 19 over 3,047 m: 2 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 2 under 914 m: 4 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 31 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 17 (2002)	total: 26 27 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 2 13 (2002)
Area	total: 274,200 sq km land: 273,800 sq km water: 400 sq km	total: 102,350 sq km land: 102,136 sq km water: 214 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Colorado	slightly smaller than Kentucky
Background	Independence from France came to Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) in 1960. Governmental instability during the 1970s and 1980s was followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Several hundred thousand farm workers migrate south every year to Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana.	The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941 was resisted by various paramilitary bands that fought themselves as well as the invaders. The group headed by Marshal TITO took full control upon German expulsion in 1945. Although Communist, his new government successfully steered its own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In the early 1990s, post-TITO Yugoslavia began to unravel along ethnic lines: Slovenia, Croatia, and The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia all declared their independence in 1991; Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" (FRY) in 1992 and, under President Slobodan MILOSEVIC, Serbia led various military intervention efforts to unite Serbs in neighboring republics into a "Greater Serbia." All of these efforts were ultimately unsuccessful. In 1999, massive expulsions by FRY forces and Serb paramilitaries of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo provoked an international response, including the NATO bombing of Serbia and the stationing of NATO and Russian peacekeepers in Kosovo. Federal elections in the fall of 2000, brought about the ouster of MILOSEVIC and installed Vojislav KOSTUNICA as president. The arrest of MILOSEVIC in 2001 allowed for his subsequent transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Hague to be tried for crimes against humanity. In 2001, the country's suspension was lifted, and it was once more accepted into UN organizations under the name of Yugoslavia. Kosovo has been governed by the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since June 1999, under the authority of UN Security Council Resolution 1244. In 2002, the Serbian and Montenegran components of Yugoslavia began negotiations to forge a looser relationship. These talks became a reality in February 2003 when lawmakers restructured the country into a loose federation of two republics called Serbia and Montenegro. An agreement was also reached to hold a referendum in each republic in three years on full independence.
Birth rate	44.34 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	12.8 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $316 million expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001)	revenues: $3.9 billion expenditures: $4.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital	Ouagadougou	Belgrade
Climate	tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers	in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	199 km
Constitution	2 June 1991 approved by referendum; 11 June 1991 formally adopted	27 April 1992
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Burkina Faso former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta	conventional long form: Serbia and Montenegro conventional short form: none local long form: Srbija-Crna Gora local short form: none
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States	new Yugoslav dinar (YUM); note - in Montenegro the euro is legal tender; in Kosovo both the euro and the Yugoslav dinar are legal (2002)
Death rate	17.07 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	10.59 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$1.5 billion (1999)	$9.2 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Anthony HOLMES embassy: 602 Avenue Raoul Follereau, Koulouba, Secteur 4 mailing address: 01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou 01; pouch mail - U. S. Department of State, 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC 20521-2440 telephone: [226] 306723 FAX: [226] 303890	chief of mission: Ambassador William D. MONTGOMERY embassy: Kneza Milosa 50, 11000 Belgrade telephone: [381] (11) 361-9344 FAX: [381] (11) 646-031 branch office: Pristina
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Tertius ZONGO chancery: 2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-5577 FAX: [1] (202) 667-1882	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ivan ZIVKOVIC chancery: 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 462-6566
Disputes - international	two villages are in dispute with Benin	Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina have delimited about half of their boundary, but several segments, particularly along the meandering Drina River, remain in dispute; The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.)-Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro) signed and ratified a boundary agreement, which adjusts the former republic boundaries, with demarcation to commence in 2002; ethnic Albanians in Kosovo dispute authority of the agreement which cedes small tracts of Kosovo to F.Y.R.O.M.; Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro continue to discuss disputed Prevlaka Peninsula and control over the Gulf of Kotor despite imminent UN intention to withdraw UNMOP observer mission
Economic aid - recipient	$484.1 million (1995) (1995)	$2 billion pledged in 2001 (disbursements to follow for several years)
Economy - overview	One of the poorest countries in the world, landlocked Burkina Faso has a high population density, few natural resources, and a fragile soil. About 90% of the population is engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture, which is highly vulnerable to variations in rainfall. Industry remains dominated by unprofitable government-controlled corporations. Following the African franc currency devaluation in January 1994 the government updated its development program in conjunction with international agencies, and exports and economic growth have increased. Maintenance of macroeconomic progress depends on continued low inflation, reduction in the trade deficit, and reforms designed to encourage private investment.	MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the war in Kosovo has left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. Since the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in October 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government has implemented stabilization measures and embarked on an aggressive market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, Yugoslavia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). A World Bank-European Commission sponsored Donors' Conference held in June 2001 raised $1.3 billion for economic restructuring. An agreement rescheduling the country's $4.5 billion Paris Club government debts was concluded in November 2001; it will write off 66% of the debt and provide a basis for Belgrade to seek similar debt relief on its $2.8 billion London Club commercial debt. The smaller republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and continues to maintain it's own central bank, uses the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collects customs tariffs, and manages its own budget. Kosovo, while technically still part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro) according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, is moving toward local autonomy under United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and is dependent on the international community for financial and technical assistance. The euro and the Yugoslav dinar are official currencies, and UNMIK collects taxes and manages the budget. The complexity of Serbia and Montenegro political relationships, slow progress in privatization, and stagnation in the European economy are holding back the economy; nonetheless, growth may be 4.5% in 2003.
Electricity - consumption	262.26 million kWh (2000)	31.546 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	43 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	914 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	282 million kWh (2000)	32.984 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 71% hydro: 29% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 59% hydro: 41% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m	lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Daravica 2,656 m
Environment - current issues	recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation	pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban	party to: Air Pollution, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity
Ethnic groups	Mossi over 40%, Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani	Serb 62.6%, Albanian 16.5%, Montenegrin 5%, Hungarian 3.3%, other 12.6% (1991)
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro	new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - official rate: 65 (January 2002), 10.0 (December 1998), 5.85 (December 1997), 5.02 (September 1996); black market rate: 14.5 (December 1998), 8.9 (December 1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987) head of government: Prime Minister Ernest Paramanga YONLI (since 6 November 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2005); in April 2000, the constitution was amended reducing the presidential term from seven to five years, enforceable as of 2005, and allowing the president to be reelected only once; it is unclear whether this amendment will be applied retroactively or not; prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature election results: Blaise COMPAORE reelected president with 87.5% percent of the vote note: President COMPAORE faces an increasingly well-coordinated opposition; recent charges against a former member of his Presidential Guard in the 1998 assassination of a newspaper editor signify an attempt to defuse chronic areas of dissatisfaction	chief of state: President Svetozar MAROVIC (since 7 March 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Dragisa PESIC (since 24 July 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Miroljub LABUS (since 25 January 2001) cabinet: Federal Ministries act as Cabinet elections: president elected by the Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 7 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Svetozar MAROVIC elected president by the Parliament; percent of vote - Svetozar MAROVIC NA%
Exports	$265 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)	$2.2 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities	cotton, animal products, gold	manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw materials
Exports - partners	Venezuela 14.7%, Benelux 12.2%, Italy 9.6%, France 7.0% (2000)	Italy 16.4%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.1%, Germany 12.1%, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 9.2% (2001)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red
GDP	purchasing power parity - $12.8 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $25.3 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 31% industry: 28% services: 41% (2000)	agriculture: 26% industry: 36% services: 38% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,040 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2,370 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.7% (2001 est.)	3.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 00 N, 2 00 W	44 00 N, 21 00 E
Geography - note	landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas	controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Heliports	-	4 (2002)
Highways	total: 12,506 km paved: 2,001 km unpaved: 10,505 km (1999)	total: 48,603 km paved: 28,822 km (including 560 km of expressways) unpaved: 19,781 km note: because of the 1999 Kosovo conflict, many road bridges were destroyed; since the end of the conflict in June 1999, there has been an intensive program to either rebuild bridges or build by-pass routes (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 40% (1994) (1994)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering
Imports	$580 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)	$5.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities	capital goods, food products, petroleum	machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials
Imports - partners	Cote d'Ivoire 25.1%, Venezuela 23.4%, France 17.0% (2000)	Russia 14.2%, Germany 12.2%, Italy 10.3%, Greece 4.5% (2001)
Independence	5 August 1960 (from France)	27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)
Industrial production growth rate	14% (2001 est.)	1.8% (2002 est.)
Industries	cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold	machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; tanks and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery); metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium); mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone); consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances); electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Infant mortality rate	105.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	17.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.5% (2001 est.)	18% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ABEDA, BIS, CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2002)	9 (2000)
Irrigated land	250 sq km (1998 est.)	570 sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Appeals Court	Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly for nine-year terms note: after the promulgation of the new Constitution, the Federal Court will have constitutional and administrative functions; it will have an equal number of judges from each republic
Labor force	5 million (1999) note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (1999)	3 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 90% (2000 est.)	agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries	total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km	total: 2,246 km border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
Land use	arable land: 12.43% permanent crops: 0.18% other: 87.39% (1998 est.)	arable land: 36.34% permanent crops: 3.44% other: 60.22% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population	Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%
Legal system	based on French civil law system and customary law	based on civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (111 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly election last held 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDP 57, RDA-ADF 17, PDP/PS 10, CFD 5, PAI 5, others 17	unicameral Parliament (126 seats - 91 Serbian, 35 Montenegrin - filled by nominees of the two state parliaments for the first two years, after which the president will call for public elections elections: last held 25 February 2003 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DOS 37, DLECG 19, DSS 17, ZP 14, SPS 12, SRS 8, SDP 5, SSJ 5, other 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 46.11 years male: 45.45 years female: 46.78 years (2002 est.)	total population: 73.72 years male: 70.78 years female: 76.89 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 36% (2001) male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93% male: 97.2% female: 88.9% (1991)
Location	Western Africa, north of Ghana	Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Map references	Africa	Europe
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	NA
Merchant marine	-	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,437 GRT/400 DWT ships by type: short-sea passenger 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police, People's Militia	Army (VJ) (including ground forces with border troops, naval forces, air and air defense forces)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$40.1 million (FY01)	$654 million (2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.4% (FY01)	NA%
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 2,688,072 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,589,437 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,379,010 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,082,322 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	19 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 82,542 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Republic Day, 11 December (1958)	Republic Day, 29 November
Nationality	noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural) adjective: Burkinabe	noun: Serb(s); Montenegrin(s) adjective: Serbian; Montenegrin
Natural hazards	recurring droughts	destructive earthquakes
Natural resources	manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, antimony, copper, nickel, bauxite, lead, phosphates, zinc, silver	oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate	-0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	-	crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas 2,110 km
Political parties and leaders	African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Confederation for Federation and Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Noyabtigungu Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Union of Greens for the Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB [Ram OVEDRAGO]	Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Jozsef KASZA]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president]; Democratic List for European Montenegro or DLECG [leader NA]; Democratic Opposition of Serbia or DOS (a coalition of many small parties including DSS) [leader NA]; Democratic Party or DS [Zoran DJINDJIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Party of Serb Unity or SSJ [Borislav PELEVIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Socialist Party or SPS (former Communist Party and party of Slobodan MILOSEVIC) [Zoran ANDJELKOVIC, general secretary]; Social Dmocratic Party or SDP [Rasim LJAJIC]; Together for Changes or ZP [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP; Group of 14 February; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities	Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Ibrahim RUGOVA]; Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Group of 17 Independent Economists or G-17 [leader NA]; National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo or LKCK [Sabit GASHI]; Otpor Student Resistance Movement [leader NA]; Political Council for Presevo, Meveda and Bujanovac or PCPMB [leader NA]; The People's Movement for Kosovo or LPK [Emrush XHEMAJLI]
Population	12,603,185 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)	10,656,929 note: all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	45% (2001 est.)	30%
Population growth rate	2.64% (2002 est.)	-0.12% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad, Pancevo, Tivat, Zelenika
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 17, shortwave 3 (2002)	AM 113, FM 194, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios	394,020 (2000)	3.15 million (1997)
Railways	total: 622 km (517 km from Ouagadougou to the Cote d'Ivoire border and 105 km from Ouagadougou to Kaya) narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge (1995 est.)	total: 4,059 km standard gauge: 4,059 km 1.435-m gauge (1,377 km electrified) note: during the 1999 Kosovo conflict, the Serbian rail system suffered significant damage due to bridge destruction; many rail bridges have been rebuilt; Montenegrin rail lines remain intact (2001)
Religions	indigenous beliefs 40%, Muslim 50%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%	Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	universal	16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Telephone system	general assessment: all services only fair domestic: microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communication stations international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	53,200 (2000)	2.017 million (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular	25,200 (2000)	87,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)	more than 771 (including 86 strong stations and 685 low-power stations, plus 20 repeaters in the principal networks; also numerous local or private stations in Serbia and Vojvodina) (1997)
Terrain	mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast	extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
Total fertility rate	6.26 children born/woman (2002 est.)	1.78 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	28% (2002 est.)
Waterways	none	587 km note: the Danube River, central Europe's connection with the Black Sea, runs through Serbia; since early 2000, a pontoon bridge, replacing a destroyed conventional bridge, has obstructed river traffic at Novi Sad; the obstruction is bypassed by a canal system, the inadequate lock size of which limits the size of vessels which may pass; the pontoon bridge can be opened for large ships but has slowed river traffic (2001)

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